How does a shaking sensor provide real-time cytokine monitoring?
 
                                      
                                  Affinity-based biosensors use antibodies or aptamers to detect cytokines but suffer from slow dissociation kinetics (half-lives up to ~20 hours). Addressing this kinetic bottleneck enables real-time monitoring of concentration.
 
                        
 
							             
							             
							             
							             
                                      
                                   
                                      
                                   
                                      
                                   
                                      
                                   
                                      
                                   
                                      
                                  